Napoleon Bonaparte stamp

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Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte, 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who achieved prominence in the final stages of the French Revolution, first as a general of the French Republic in the Wars of the First and Second Coalition, then as First Consul of the French Consulate from 1799 and ultimately as Emperor of the French from 1804. He led the French Empire to victory after victory against the renewed Coalitions assembled by the Great Powers of Europe, but faced defeat in the 1812 invasion of Russia and in the Peninsular War by 1814. He was then exiled to Elba by the victorious Allies, but returned for another lightning campaign in 1815 (the ‘Hundred Days’) which ended in his final defeat at Waterloo that year. He was then exiled to the isle of St. Helena where he died in 1821.

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