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Aztec Calendar stamp

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The Aztec calendar was one of the Mesoamerican calendars, used by the Aztecs and other peoples of pre-Columbian Mexico. It was made up of a 365-day cycle (Nahuatl: xiuhpohualli) and a 260-day ritual cycle (Nahuatl: tonalpohualli), which together formed a so-called ‘calendar round’ of 52 years (the Aztec equivalent of a century). The xiuhpohualli was also considered an agricultural calendar because it was based on the sun. By contrast, the tonalpohualli was considered to be a sacred calendar but was neither solar nor lunar, instead being divided into 20 periods of 13 days each (Nahuatl: treneca), all of which were associated with an Aztec deity.

The calendar has become one of the most easily recognisable symbols of pre-Columbian civilisations in Mesoamerica.

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